Extending the DPSIR framework to analyse Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response of sand dune management in Manawatu-Whanganui (New Zealand) since the 19th century

Coastal sand dunes are multifunctional landscapes with rich biodiversity. In New Zealand, the establishment of European settlement around 1840, in Manawatu-Whanganui region were affected due to removal their vegetation cover by human activities and animal grazing. As a result, drifted further inland affecting villages, infrastructure agricultural areas. The main response was introduce marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) used Europe stabilize dunes. This solution caused significant environmental impacts as turned invasive native habitats fauna flora significantly decreased. paper focused on long-term analysis aspects related dune management during two-time frames: 1) from 19th late 20th century 2) then early 21st century, using innovative spiral DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework. Data for this study comes historical records, scientific literature present reports. integrated framework allows establishing connections between future initiatives mitigating adapting socio-economic drivers pressures. reinforces paradigm shift stabilization before restoration stabilized make them active enhancing biodiversity should be again assessed context sea-level rise century. managers adopt an optimized these two extreme solutions adopted present, considering interdisciplinary better understand systems’ evolution full consequences actions.